math
Typst has special syntax and library functions to typeset
mathematical formulas. Math formulas can be displayed inline with text or as
separate blocks. They will be typeset into their own block if they start and
end with at least one space (e.g. $ x^2 $).
Variables
In math, single letters are always displayed as is. Multiple letters, however, are interpreted as variables and functions. To display multiple letters verbatim, you can place them into quotes and to access single letter variables, you can use the hash syntax.
$ A = pi r^2 $
$ "area" = pi dot "radius"^2 $
$ cal(A) :=
{ x in RR | x "is natural" } $
#let x = 5
$ #x < 17 $
Symbols
Math mode makes a wide selection of symbols like
pi, dot, or RR available. Many mathematical symbols are available in
different variants. You can select between different variants by applying
modifiers to the symbol. Typst further recognizes a number of
shorthand sequences like => that approximate a symbol. When such a
shorthand exists, the symbol's documentation lists it.
$ x < y => x gt.eq.not y $
Line Breaks
Formulas can also contain line breaks. Each line can contain one or multiple
alignment points (&) which are then aligned.
$ sum_(k=0)^n k
&= 1 + ... + n \
&= (n(n+1)) / 2 $
Function calls
Math mode supports special function calls without the hash prefix. In these "math calls", the argument list works a little differently than in code:
- Within them, Typst is still in "math mode". Thus, you can write math directly into them, but need to use hash syntax to pass code expressions (except for strings, which are available in the math syntax).
- They support positional and named arguments, but don't support trailing content blocks and argument spreading.
- They provide additional syntax for 2-dimensional argument lists. The
semicolon (
;) merges preceding arguments separated by commas into an array argument.
$ frac(a^2, 2) $
$ vec(1, 2, delim: "[") $
$ mat(1, 2; 3, 4) $
$ lim_x =
op("lim", limits: #true)_x $
To write a verbatim comma or semicolon in a math call, escape it with a backslash. The colon on the other hand is only recognized in a special way if directly preceded by an identifier, so to display it verbatim in those cases, you can just insert a space before it.
Functions calls preceded by a hash are normal code function calls and not affected by these rules.
Alignment
When equations include multiple alignment points (&), this creates
blocks of alternatingly right- and left-aligned columns. In the example
below, the expression (3x + y) / 7 is right-aligned and = 9 is
left-aligned. The word "given" is also left-aligned because && creates two
alignment points in a row, alternating the alignment twice. & & and &&
behave exactly the same way. Meanwhile, "multiply by 7" is right-aligned
because just one & precedes it. Each alignment point simply alternates
between right-aligned/left-aligned.
$ (3x + y) / 7 &= 9 && "given" \
3x + y &= 63 & "multiply by 7" \
3x &= 63 - y && "subtract y" \
x &= 21 - y/3 & "divide by 3" $
Math fonts
You can set the math font by with a show-set rule as demonstrated below. Note that only special OpenType math fonts are suitable for typesetting maths.
#show math.equation: set text(font: "Fira Math")
$ sum_(i in NN) 1 + i $
Math module
All math functions are part of the math module,
which is available by default in equations. Outside of equations, they can
be accessed with the math. prefix.
定義
accentAttaches an accent to a base.- attachSubscript, superscripts, and limits.
binomA binomial expression.cancelDisplays a diagonal line over a part of an equation.casesA case distinction.classForced use of a certain math class.equationA mathematical equation.fracA mathematical fraction.- lrDelimiter matching.
matA matrix.opA text operator in an equation.primesGrouped primes.- rootsSquare and non-square roots.
- sizesForced size styles for expressions within formulas.
stretchStretches a glyph.- stylesAlternate letterforms within formulas.
- underoverDelimiters above or below parts of an equation.
- variantsAlternate typefaces within formulas.
vecA column vector.